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''Prima ballerina assoluta'' is a title awarded to the most notable of female ballet dancers. To be recognised as a ''prima ballerina assoluta'' is a rare honour, traditionally reserved only for the most exceptional dancers of their generation. Originally inspired by the Italian ballet masters of the early Romantic ballet, and literally meaning ''absolute first ballerina'', the title was bestowed on a prima ballerina who was considered to be exceptionally talented, above the standard of other leading ballerinas. The title is very rarely used today and recent uses have typically been symbolic, either in recognition of a prestigious international career, or for exceptional service to a particular ballet company. There is no universal procedure for designating who may receive the title, which has led to dispute in the ballet community over who can legitimately claim it. It is usually a ballet company that bestows the title, however some dancers have had the title officially sanctioned by a government or head of state, sometimes for political rather than artistic reasons. Less common is for a dancer to become identified as a ''prima ballerina assoluta'' as a result of public and critical opinion. Only few currently active prima ballerina holds this title in the world, and those are Svetlana Zakharova〔(Svetlana Zakharova to perform in Belgrade on October 26 )〕〔(Svetlana Zakharova: la prima assoluta dell'etoile ucraina all'Arena Vittorio Emanuele )〕〔(PRINCIPAL DANCERS OF THE BOLSHOI THEATRE SVETLANA ZAKHAROVA, MIKHAIL LOBUKHIN AND ANNA TIKHOMIROVA PERFORM IN LA BAYADERE ) "The only prima ballerina assoluta today, Svetlana Zakharova, interpreted the role of main character..."〕〔(Svetlana Zakharova to Star in Ballet Gala next May )〕 from Russia, Alessandra Ferri.〔(Royal Ballet's leading lady returns at 52 ), The Telegraph〕 and Nina Ananiashvili 〔(Ballerina Nina Ananiashvili brings her vision of Don Quixote to Hong Kong )〕 ==History== The first recorded use of the title as a company rank was in 1894, when French ballet master Marius Petipa bestowed it on Italian ballerina Pierina Legnani. He considered her to be the supreme leading ballerina in all of Europe. The second ballerina to be given the title was Legnani's contemporary Mathilde Kschessinska. Petipa, however, did not agree that she should hold such a title; although an extraordinary ballerina, he felt that she obtained the title primarily via her connections with the Imperial Russian court. The only Soviet ballerinas to hold the title were Galina Ulanova and Maya Plisetskaya. The Swiss-born American Eva Evdokimova became recognised as a ''prima ballerina assoluta'' following guest appearances with the Kirov Ballet in the 1970s, when she was named as such by the company ballet mistress, Natalia Dudinskaya.〔Rübsam, Henning ("Eva, Pina, Merce, and Michael" ). Juilliard Faculty Forum. Vol. XXV No. 1. September 2009. (archived link, 19 January 2012)〕 The title was later recognised by a vote of the Senate of Berlin.〔Staff (undated). ("Eva Evdokimova" ). Prix Benois de la Danse. Retrieved 2 September 2013.〕 Other dancers awarded the title include Anneli Alhanko from Sweden, Alicia Alonso from Cuba, Alessandra Ferri〔("Ballet Company" ). Teatro alla Scala. ''Ballet Company'', citing appointment as ''prima ballerina assoluta'' of La Scala in 1992. (archived link, 10 July 2010)〕 from Italy and Alicia Markova and Margot Fonteyn from England. The only French dancer to hold the title is Yvette Chauviré.〔(''Yvette Chauviré France's Prima Ballerina Assoluta'' ). Amazon.com.〕〔Staff (undated). ("Yvette Chauviré" ) (in French). etoiledelopera.e-monsite.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013. (archived link, 13 November 2013)〕 Nureyev also referred to the American ballerina Cynthia Gregory as America's ''prima ballerina assoluta'', however this has never been formally acknowledged.〔Press release (28 September 2010). ("Nevada Ballet Theatre Names Cynthia Gregory Artistic Advisor, Establishes the Cynthia Gregory Center for Coaching" ). Nevada Ballet Theatre (via Euroinvestor). Retrieved 2 September 2013.〕 Another not to hold the title is the great Anna Pavlova, probably the best known ballerina in history. In South Africa, the only ballerina granted the title ''prima ballerina assoluta'' (1984) was Phyllis Spira (1943–2008). Since Evdokimova is generally viewed as an international rather than an American dancer and the U.S. has no process for designation of a ''prima ballerina assoluta'', the title for an American ballerina dancing for an American company is frequently considered to have belonged to Cynthia Gregory with American Ballet Theatre. Sylvie Guillem as well as Darcey Bussell at The Royal Ballet, London, are considered by some to belong in the league of ''assolutas'' and both were, until their retirement from ballet, principal guests artists of The Royal Ballet, which is an honorary title roughly equivalent to the rank of prima ballerina. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「prima ballerina assoluta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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